Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev tshuaj xyuas txheej txheem ntawm Sapphire hauv Rigid Endoscopes

Cov Ntsiab Lus

1. Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Sapphire: Lub Hauv Paus rau High-Performance Rigid Endoscopes

2. Kev Siv Tshuab Txheej Txheem Ib Sab Tshiab: Ua tiav qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Pom Kev thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Hauv Chaw Kho Mob

3. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Txheej Txheem: Xyuas kom Endoscope Kev Ntseeg Tau thiab Kev Sib Xws

4. Cov Kev Zoo Tshaj Plaws Dua Li Cov Iav Optical Ib Txwm Muaj: Vim Li Cas Sapphire Yog Qhov Kev Xaiv Zoo Tshaj Plaws

5. Kev Pom Zoo Hauv Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Hloov Pauv Yav Tom Ntej: Los Ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Mus Rau Txoj Kev Siv Tshuab

Sapphire (Al₂O₃), nrog Mohs hardness ntawm 9 (qhov thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond), tus coefficient qis ntawm thermal expansion (5.3 × 10⁻⁶ / K), thiab inertness, muaj cov khoom ruaj khov heev thiab tshuaj lom neeg nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb kis tau dav dav (0.15–5.5 μm). Txhawb nqa los ntawm cov khoom zoo heev no, sapphire tau txais kev siv dav hauv xyoo tas los no rau kev tsim cov khoom siv kho qhov muag hauv cov khoom siv endoscopes siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qhov rai tiv thaiv lossis cov khoom sib dhos lens.

I. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Sapphire ua cov khoom siv rau Rigid Endoscopes

Hauv cov ntawv thov biomedical, sapphire feem ntau siv ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag hauv cov khoom siv endoscopes siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov qhov rai tiv thaiv lossis lub lens tsom iav. Nws qhov nyuaj heev thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav tsis kam txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev khawb ntawm qhov chaw thaum sib cuag nrog cov ntaub so ntswg, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev hnav lens, thiab tiv taus kev sib txhuam ntev los ntawm cov cuab yeej phais (piv txwv li, forceps, txiab), yog li ua rau lub neej kev pabcuam endoscope ntev dua.

Sapphire qhia tau zoo heev biocompatibility; nws yog ib qho khoom siv tsis-cytotoxic inert nrog ib qho chaw du heev (ua tiav qhov roughness ntawm Ra ≤ 0.5 nm tom qab polishing), uas txo cov ntaub so ntswg adhesion thiab postoperative kab mob kev pheej hmoo. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim ua raws li ISO 10993 kho mob khoom siv biocompatibility tus qauv. Nws txoj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau qhov kub thiab txias siab, uas yog vim muaj qhov coefficient qis ntawm thermal expansion (5.3 × 10⁻⁶ / K), tso cai rau nws kom nyiaj dhau 1000 lub voj voog ntawm high-pressure pa sterilization ntawm 134 ° C yam tsis muaj kev tawg lossis kev ua haujlwm poob qis.

Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo tshaj plaws ua rau sapphire muaj ntau qhov kev sib kis dav (0.15–5.5 μm). Nws qhov kev sib kis ntau dua 85% hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo, ua kom muaj qhov kaj txaus. Lub refractive index siab (1.76 @ 589 nm) ua rau lub lens curvature me dua, ua rau kev tsim qauv me me ntawm endoscopes.

II. Kev Tsim Kho Tshuab Txheej Txheem

Hauv cov endoscopes khov kho, ib sab txheej (feem ntau yog siv rau sab uas tsis kov cov ntaub so ntswg) ntawm cov khoom siv sapphire yog qhov tsim tshiab uas sib npaug kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb.

1. Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Optical ntawm Sab Txheej

• Txheej Txheej Anti-Reflection (AR):Muab tso rau sab hauv ntawm lub lens (sab uas tsis yog cov ntaub so ntswg sib cuag), nws txo qhov kev cuam tshuam (kev cuam tshuam ib qho ntawm ib qho < 0.2%), ua kom lub teeb xa mus rau lwm qhov thiab qhov sib piv ntawm daim duab zoo dua, zam kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev txheej ob sab, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev kho qhov system optical.
• ​Txheej Hydrophobic / Anti-Fog:Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej noo rau ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub lens thaum lub sijhawm phais, ua kom pom kev meej.

2. Kev Nyab Xeeb Tseem Ceeb rau Sab Tsis Txheej (Sab Sib Chwv Cov Nqaij)

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Khoom Muaj Nqis ntawm Sapphire:Siv qhov du thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm qhov chaw sapphire, zam kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tev tawm ntawm txheej vim yog kev sib cuag ntev nrog cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Tshem tawm cov teeb meem biocompatibility uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv txheej (piv txwv li, cov hlau oxides) thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tib neeg.
• Cov Txheej Txheem Txij Nkawm Yooj Yim:Sab uas tsis tau coated tuaj yeem kov ncaj qha rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog xws li cawv thiab hydrogen peroxide yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev xeb ntawm txheej.

III. Cov Cim Qhia Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Ua thiab Txheej Txheem Sapphire

1. Cov Kev Cai rau Kev Ua Cov Khoom Siv Sapphire

• Qhov Tseeb Geometric: Kev kam rau txoj kab uas hla ≤ ± 0.01 hli (txoj kab uas hla feem ntau rau cov endoscopes me me yog 3–5 hli).
• Flatness < λ/8 (λ = 632.8 nm), ​​Eccentric Angle < 0.1°.
• Qhov Zoo Ntawm Qhov Chaw: Qhov Roughness Ra ≤ 1 nm ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg kom tsis txhob muaj qhov khawb me me ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj.

2. Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Ib Sab

• Kev nplaum txheej: Dhau qhov kev xeem txiav ISO 2409 (Qib 0, tsis muaj tev tawm).
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tua Kab Mob: Tom qab 1000 lub voj voog tua kab mob siab, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw coated yog <0.1%.
• Tsim Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm​: Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum npog qhov ntau ntawm 400–900 nm wavelength, nrog rau kev xa tawm ib qho saum npoo > 99.5%.

IV. Kev Tshawb Fawb Sib Piv Nrog Cov Khoom Siv Sib Tw (piv txwv li, Iav Optical)

Cov lus hauv qab no piv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm sapphire thiab cov iav kho qhov muag ib txwm muaj (zoo li BK7):

V. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Kho Mob thiab Cov Lus Qhia Txhim Kho

1. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Tau Zoo

• Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kws Kho Mob:Cov koob yees duab sapphire rigid endoscopes txo qhov teeb meem ntawm lub lens blurring hauv kev phais laparoscopic, ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv dua. Qhov chaw sib cuag tsis muaj txheej tiv thaiv kev lo rau ntawm cov mucosal hauv kev siv ENT endoscope.
• Tus nqi txij nkawm:Cov nqi kho rau cov sapphire endoscopes raug txo kom txog li 40%, txawm hais tias cov nqi yuav khoom thawj zaug siab dua.

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2. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Txhim Kho Kev Siv Tshuab

• ​Kev Siv Tshuab Txheej Txheem Sib Xyaws:Muab cov txheej AR thiab cov txheej tiv thaiv zoo li qub tso rau sab tsis sib cuag kom txo cov hmoov av lo rau.
• Kev Ua Sapphire Tsis Zoo Li Qub:Tsim cov qhov rais tiv thaiv sapphire uas nkhaus los yog nkhaus kom hloov kho tau rau cov endoscopes me me uas muaj txoj kab uas hla me dua (< 2 mm).

Xaus lus

Sapphire tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv endoscopes siab heev vim nws qhov sib npaug zoo meej ntawm qhov nyuaj, kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsiaj txhu, thiab kev ua haujlwm pom. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ib sab siv cov txheej txheem los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm pom thaum khaws cia kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag. Txoj hauv kev no tau ua pov thawj tias yog kev daws teeb meem txhim khu kev qha uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau hauv kev kho mob. Raws li cov nqi ua sapphire txo qis, nws txoj kev saws me nyuam hauv thaj chaw endoscopy yuav loj hlob ntxiv, tsav cov cuab yeej phais mob tsawg kawg nkaus mus rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev dua.