Ib qho crystals tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab txawm tias thaum lawv tshwm sim, lawv feem ntau me me - feem ntau ntawm cov millimeter (mm) nplai - thiab nyuaj kom tau txais. Tshaj tawm pob zeb diamonds, emeralds, agate, thiab lwm yam., feem ntau tsis nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, cia nyob ib leeg cov ntawv thov kev lag luam; feem ntau yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej rau exhibition. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom siv lead ua muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, xws li ib leeg-crystal silicon hauv kev lag luam hauv kev sib koom ua ke, sapphire feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv qhov muag lo ntsiab muag, thiab silicon carbide, uas tau txais lub zog nyob rau hauv peb tiam semiconductors. Lub peev xwm los tsim cov pob zeb no ib leeg ua lag luam tsis yog sawv cev rau lub zog hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis tab sis kuj yog lub cim ntawm kev nplua nuj. Thawj qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau ib leeg siv lead ua hauv kev lag luam yog qhov loj, vim qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo cov nqi kom zoo dua. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov feem ntau ntsib ib qho crystals ntawm kev ua lag luam:
1. Sapphire Ib Leeg Crystal
Sapphire ib leeg siv lead ua yog hais txog α-Al₂O₃, uas muaj lub cev hexagonal siv lead ua, Mohs hardness ntawm 9, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj ruaj khov. Nws yog insoluble nyob rau hauv acidic los yog alkaline corrosive kua, resistant rau high kub, thiab nthuav tawm lub teeb kis tau tus mob zoo heev, thermal conductivity, thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev.
Yog tias Al ions hauv cov siv lead ua tau hloov los ntawm Ti thiab Fe ions, cov siv lead ua zoo li xiav thiab hu ua sapphire. Yog tias hloov los ntawm Cr ions, nws tshwm liab thiab hu ua ruby. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj sapphire yog ntshiab α-Al₂O₃, tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, tsis muaj impurities.
Kev lag luam sapphire feem ntau siv daim ntawv wafers, 400-700 μm tuab thiab 4-8 ntiv hauv txoj kab uas hla. Cov no yog hu ua wafers thiab raug txiav los ntawm crystal ingots. Qhia hauv qab no yog ib qho tshiab rub tawm los ntawm ib lub qhov cub siv lead ua, tseem tsis tau polished lossis txiav.
Xyoo 2018, Jinghui Electronic Company hauv Inner Mongolia tau ua tiav lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws 450 kg ultra-loj-loj sapphire siv lead ua. Yav dhau los loj tshaj plaws sapphire siv lead ua thoob ntiaj teb yog 350 kg siv lead ua tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. Raws li pom hauv daim duab, cov khoom siv lead ua no muaj cov duab tsis tu ncua, yog pob tshab, tsis muaj kab nrib pleb thiab lis ciam teb, thiab muaj ob peb npuas.
2. Ib leeg-Crystal Silicon
Tam sim no, ib leeg-crystal silicon siv rau integrated circuit chips muaj ib tug purity ntawm 99.9999999% rau 99.999999999% (9-11 nines), thiab ib tug 420 kg silicon ingot yuav tsum muaj ib tug pob zeb diamond zoo li tus qauv. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, txawm tias ib-carat (200 mg) pob zeb diamond yog qhov tsawg.
Kev tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm ib leeg-crystal silicon ingots yog tswj hwm los ntawm tsib lub tuam txhab loj: Nyiv Shin-Etsu (28.0%), Nyiv SUMCO (21.9%), Taiwan's GlobalWafers (15.1%), Kaus Lim Qab Teb SK Siltron (11.6%), thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Siltronic (11.3%). Txawm tias qhov loj tshaj plaws semiconductor wafer chaw tsim tshuaj paus nyob rau hauv mainland Tuam Tshoj, NSIG, tuav tsuas yog li 2.3% ntawm lub lag luam feem. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tus neeg tuaj tshiab, nws lub peev xwm yuav tsum tsis txhob kwv yees. Xyoo 2024, NSIG npaj yuav nqis peev rau hauv ib txoj haujlwm los txhim kho 300 hli silicon wafer ntau lawm rau kev sib koom ua ke, nrog kev kwv yees tag nrho cov peev ntawm ¥ 13.2 billion.
Raws li cov khoom siv raw rau chips, high-purity ib leeg-crystal silicon ingots yog hloov zuj zus los ntawm 6-nti mus rau 12-nti diameters. Cov thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb chip foundries, xws li TSMC thiab GlobalFoundries, tab tom ua cov chips los ntawm 12-nti silicon wafers lub lag luam tseem ceeb, thaum 8-nti wafers tau maj mam tawm mus. Tus thawj coj hauv tsev SMIC tseem tseem siv 6-nti wafers. Tam sim no, tsuas yog Nyiv lub SUMCO tuaj yeem tsim cov purity 12-inch wafer substrates.
3. Gallium Arsenide
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, thiab lawv qhov loj me yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj.
Tam sim no, GaAs wafers feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 2 ntiv tes, 3 ntiv tes, 4 ntiv tes, 6 ntiv tes, 8 ntiv tes, thiab 12 ntiv tes. Ntawm cov no, 6-nti wafers yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib qho crystals loj hlob los ntawm Kab rov tav Bridgman (HB) txoj kev yog feem ntau 3 ntiv tes, thaum Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) txoj kev tuaj yeem tsim ib lub pob zeb mus txog 12 ntiv hauv txoj kab uas hla. Txawm li cas los xij, LEC txoj kev loj hlob yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab ua rau cov khoom siv lead ua tsis sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv siab siab. Vertical Gradient Freeze (VGF) thiab Vertical Bridgman (VB) txoj hauv kev tam sim no tuaj yeem tsim ib qho crystals mus txog 8 ntiv hauv txoj kab uas hla, nrog cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab qis qis qis.
Kev tsim khoom siv tshuab rau 4-nti thiab 6-nti semi-insulating GaAs polished wafers feem ntau yog mastered los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab: Nyiv lub Sumitomo Electric Industries, Lub teb chaws Yelemees's Freiberger Compound Materials, thiab US's AXT. Los ntawm 2015, 6-nti substrates twb suav txog ntau dua 90% ntawm kev lag luam.
Hauv 2019, lub ntiaj teb GaAs substrate kev ua lag luam tau tswj hwm los ntawm Freiberger, Sumitomo, thiab Beijing Tongmei, nrog kev lag luam sib koom ntawm 28%, 21%, thiab 13%, feem. Raws li kev kwv yees los ntawm lub tuam txhab sab laj Yole, kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm GaAs substrates (hloov mus rau 2-nti sib npaug) tau mus txog kwv yees li 20 lab daim hauv 2019 thiab tau kwv yees tias yuav tshaj 35 lab daim los ntawm 2025. Lub ntiaj teb GaAs substrate lag luam tau muaj nuj nqis nyob ib ncig ntawm $ 200 lab hauv 2019 $ 240 lab nrog kev loj hlob txhua xyoo. (CAGR) ntawm 9.67% los ntawm 2019 txog 2025.
4. Silicon Carbide Ib Leeg Crystal
Tam sim no, kev ua lag luam tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm 2-nti thiab 3-inch inch silicon carbide (SiC) ib leeg muaju. Ntau lub tuam txhab tau tshaj tawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 4-nti 4H-hom SiC ib leeg siv lead ua, cim Tuam Tshoj txoj kev ua tiav ntawm qib ntiaj teb hauv SiC siv lead ua kev loj hlob technology. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ua ntej kev lag luam.
Feem ntau, SiC ingots zus los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kua-theem yog qhov me me, nrog cov thicknesses ntawm qib centimeter. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas rau tus nqi siab ntawm SiC wafers.
XKH tshwj xeeb hauv R & D thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, suav nrog sapphire, silicon carbide (SiC), silicon wafers, thiab ceramics, npog tag nrho cov nqi saw ntawm siv lead ua kev loj hlob mus rau precision machining. Leveraging integrated industrial muaj peev xwm, peb muab high-performance sapphire wafers, silicon carbide substrates, thiab ultra-high-purity silicon wafers, txhawb los ntawm tailored kev daws teeb meem xws li kev cai txiav, nto txheej, thiab complex geometry fabrication kom tau raws li huab ib puag ncig xav tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob los yog laser tshuab.
Ua raws li cov qauv zoo, peb cov khoom muaj cov micro-theem precision,> 1500 ° C thermal stability, thiab superior corrosion resistance , kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb muab quartz substrates, hlau / non-metallic cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam semiconductor-qib Cheebtsam, enabling seamless hloov los ntawm prototyping mus rau huab hwm coj ntau lawm rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv industries.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-29-2025