Metallized Optical Windows: Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Tsis Tau Txais Kev Pab Hauv Precision Optics

Hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov tshuab optoelectronic, cov khoom sib txawv txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, ua haujlwm ua ke los ua tiav cov haujlwm nyuaj. Vim tias cov khoom no tau tsim tawm ntau txoj hauv kev, lawv cov kev kho saum npoo kuj sib txawv. Ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav,qhov rais kho qhov muaglos ua ntau yam txheej txheem sib txawv. Ib pawg me me uas zoo li yooj yim tab sis tseem ceeb yogqhov rais kho qhov muag uas muaj hlau nplaum- tsis yog tsuas yog "tus neeg saib xyuas lub rooj vag" ntawm txoj kev pom kev xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov tseebtus ua kom muaj zogntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus. Cia peb saib ze dua.

Lub qhov rais kho qhov muag uas ua los ntawm hlau yog dab tsi—thiab vim li cas ho ua kom nws ua los ntawm hlau?

1) Kev Txhais Lus

Hais yooj yim xwb, ibqhov rais kho qhov muag uas muaj hlau nplaumyog ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag uas nws cov substrate - feem ntau yog iav, fused silica, sapphire, thiab lwm yam - muaj ib txheej nyias (lossis ntau txheej) ntawm cov hlau (piv txwv li, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) tso rau ntawm nws cov npoo lossis ntawm cov chaw nto uas tau teev tseg los ntawm cov txheej txheem nqus tsev siab xws li evaporation lossis sputtering.

Los ntawm kev faib tawm dav dav, cov qhov rai metallized yogtsis yogcov "lim teeb pom kev zoo" ib txwm muaj. Cov lim teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj (piv txwv li, bandpass, long-pass) yog tsim los xaiv xa lossis cuam tshuam qee cov spectral bands, hloov pauv lub teeb spectrum. Ibqhov rais kho qhov muag, los ntawm qhov sib piv, yog qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum tswj hwmkev sib kis siabhla ib txoj kab dav dav (piv txwv li, VIS, IR, lossis UV) thaum muabKev rho tawm ib puag ncig thiab kev kaw.

Qhov tseeb dua, lub qhov rais metallized yog ib qhopawg tshwj xeebntawm lub qhov rais kho qhov muag. Nws qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lubkev ua kom muaj hlau, uas muab cov haujlwm uas lub qhov rais ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem muab tau.

2) Vim li cas ho siv hlau? Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig

Kev siv cov hlau uas tsis pom tseeb los pleev rau ib feem uas pom tseeb me ntsis tej zaum yuav zoo li tsis haum, tab sis nws yog ib qho kev xaiv ntse thiab muaj lub hom phiaj. Kev ua kom muaj hlau feem ntau ua rau muaj ib lossis ntau yam hauv qab no:

(a) Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (EMI)
Hauv ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab optoelectronic, cov sensors rhiab heev (piv txwv li, CCD / CMOS) thiab lasers muaj kev phom sij rau EMI sab nraud - thiab kuj tuaj yeem tso tawm kev cuam tshuam lawv tus kheej. Ib txheej hlau txuas ntxiv mus, conductive ntawm lub qhov rais tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li aFaraday tawb, tso cai rau lub teeb hla dhau thaum thaiv cov teb RF / EM tsis xav tau, yog li ua kom lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm ruaj khov.

(b) Kev txuas hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas av
Cov txheej hlau ua rau muaj hluav taws xob conductive. Los ntawm kev siv lub hlau los txuas rau nws lossis los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub tsev hlau, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov txoj hauv kev hluav taws xob rau cov khoom uas tau teeb tsa rau sab hauv ntawm lub qhov rais (piv txwv li, cov cua sov, cov ntsuas kub, cov electrodes) lossis khi lub qhov rais rau hauv av kom tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob static thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv.

(c) Kev kaw ruaj khov
Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb siv. Hauv cov khoom siv uas xav tau lub tshuab nqus tsev siab lossis huab cua inert (piv txwv li, cov raj laser, cov raj photomultiplier, cov sensors aerospace), lub qhov rais yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub pob hlau nrog iblub foob ruaj khov, ruaj khov heevSivkev sib txhuam, lub npoo ntawm lub qhov rais uas muaj hlau sib txuas nrog lub tsev hlau kom ua tiav qhov hermeticity zoo dua li kev sib txuas ntawm cov nplaum, ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ib puag ncig mus sij hawm ntev.

(d) Cov qhov thiab cov ntaub thaiv qhov ncauj
Kev ua kom muaj hlau tsis tas yuav npog tag nrho qhov chaw; nws tuaj yeem ua qauv. Kev tso lub ntsej muag hlau uas ua raws li tus qauv (piv txwv li, voj voog lossis plaub fab) txhais tau meej txog qhovqhov qhib meej, thaiv lub teeb tsis pom kev, thiab txhim kho SNR thiab cov duab zoo.

Qhov twg siv cov qhov rais hlau

Ua tsaug rau cov peev xwm no, cov qhov rais hlau tau dav dav rau txhua qhov chaw uas xav tau:

• Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Aerospace:cov khoom nrhiav foob pob hluav taws, cov khoom xa mus rau satellite, cov kab ke IR hauv huab cua—qhov twg kev co, kev kub hnyiab, thiab EMI muaj zog yog qhov ib txwm muaj. Kev ua los ntawm hlau ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv, kev sib khi, thiab kev tiv thaiv.

• Kev lag luam siab kawg & kev tshawb fawb:cov lasers muaj zog heev, cov khoom ntes me me, cov chaw saib lub tshuab nqus tsev, cov cryostats—cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev zoo, kev kam rau hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txhim khu kev qha.

• Kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej:cov cuab yeej uas muaj lasers sib xyaw ua ke (piv txwv li, flow cytometers) uas yuav tsum kaw lub qhov laser thaum tso lub teeb tawm.

• Kev Sib Txuas Lus & Kev Tshawb Fawb:Cov modules fiber-optic thiab cov roj sensors uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm EMI shielding rau lub teeb liab purity.

Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv xaiv

Thaum teev lossis ntsuam xyuas cov qhov rai kho qhov muag uas muaj hlau, tsom mus rau:

1. Cov khoom siv hauv qab- Txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov muag thiab lub cev:

• BK7/K9 iav:pheej yig; haum rau qhov pom tseeb.

• Cov silica sib xyaw ua ke:Kev sib kis siab los ntawm UV mus rau NIR; CTE qis thiab kev ruaj khov zoo heev.

• Pob zeb xiav:tawv heev, tsis yooj yim khawb, muaj peev xwm kub heev; dav UV-nruab nrab-IR siv tau rau hauv qhov chaw nyuaj.

• Si/Ge:feem ntau yog rau cov IR bands.

2. Qhov qhib meej (CA)- Thaj chaw tau lees tias yuav ua tau raws li cov qauv kho qhov muag. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj hlau feem ntau nyob sab nraud (thiab loj dua) CA.

3. Hom hlau thiab tuab–

• Crfeem ntau siv rau qhov thaiv lub teeb thiab ua lub hauv paus lo rau / brazing.

• Aumuab kev coj ua hluav taws xob siab thiab tiv taus oxidation rau kev soldering / brazing.
  Cov tuab ib txwm muaj: kaum tawm mus rau ntau pua nanometers, tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm.

4. Kev Kis- Feem pua ​​ntawm kev xa xov mus rau qhov chaw uas koj xav tau (λ₁–λ₂). Cov qhov rai ua haujlwm tau zoo tuaj yeem tshaj qhov ntawd99%nyob rau hauv txoj kab tsim (nrog rau cov txheej AR tsim nyog ntawm qhov qhib meej).

5. Kev nyob ruaj khov- Tseem ceeb rau cov qhov rai brazed; feem ntau txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sim helium xau, nrog rau cov nqi xau nruj xws li< 1 × 10⁻⁸ cc/s(atm Nws).

6. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib txhuam- Cov hlau pawg yuav tsum ntub thiab sib txuas zoo rau cov khoom siv fillers xaiv (piv txwv li, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) thiab tiv taus thermal cycling thiab kev ntxhov siab mechanical.

7. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw– Khawb-Khaws (piv txwv li,60-40lossis zoo dua); cov lej me dua qhia tias muaj qhov tsis zoo tsawg dua/sib dua.

8. Daim duab nto- Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tiaj tiaj, feem ntau teev nyob rau hauv cov nthwv dej ntawm qhov wavelength uas tau muab (piv txwv li,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); cov nqi me dua txhais tau tias qhov tiaj tiaj zoo dua.

Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb

Cov qhov rais optical metallized zaum ntawm qhov nexus ntawmkev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov muagthiabkev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab / hluav taws xobLawv mus dhau qhov kev sib kis xwb, ua haujlwm uacov teeb meem tiv thaiv, EMI shields, hermetic interfaces, thiab cov choj hluav taws xobKev xaiv txoj kev daws teeb meem zoo yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam hauv lub kaw lus: Koj puas xav tau kev coj hluav taws xob? Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob? Qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog dab tsi? Cov khoom siv ib puag ncig hnyav npaum li cas? Cov lus teb tsav tsheb xaiv cov khoom siv substrate, metallization stack, thiab txoj kev ua tiav.

Nws yog qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawmmicro-precision(kaum tawm ntawm nanometers ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hlau tsim) thiabkev ruaj khov ntawm macroscale(nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog thiab kev hloov pauv kub heev) uas ua rau cov qhov rais kho qhov muag uas ua los ntawm cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb“qhov rais loj heev”—txuas qhov chaw pom kev zoo nrog lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws.