Sapphire, "lub hnub qub saum toj kawg nkaus" ntawm tsev neeg Corundum, zoo li ib tug tub hluas zoo nkauj hnav "suit xiav tob". Tab sis tom qab ntsib nws ntau zaus, koj yuav pom tias nws cov khaub ncaws tsis yog "xiav", lossis tsuas yog "xiav tob". Los ntawm "cornflower xiav" mus rau "royal xiav", txhua hom xiav yog dazzling. Thaum koj xav tias xiav yog me ntsis monotonous, Nws yuav qhia koj ntsuab, grey, daj, txiv kab ntxwv, ntshav, liab thiab xim av dua.
Sapphire ntawm ntau xim
Sapphire
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg: Al₂O₃ \ nXim: Kev hloov xim ntawm sapphire yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv hauv nws lub lattice. Xws li txhua yam xim ntawm tsev neeg corundum tshwj tsis yog ruby. Hardness: Mohs hardness yog 9, thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond. Qhov ceev: 3.95-4.1 grams ib cubic centimeter \ nBirefractive index: 0.008-0.010 \ nLuster: Pob tshab rau semi-pob tshab, vitreous luster rau sub-diamond luster. Cov nyhuv tshwj xeeb optical: Qee cov sapphires muaj lub hnub qub nyhuv. Ntawd yog, tom qab txiav thiab sib tsoo zoo li arc, cov khoom me me hauv (xws li rutile) cuam tshuam lub teeb, ua rau sab saum toj ntawm lub pob zeb diamond qhia rau lub hnub qub ci.
Rau-phom Starlight Sapphire
Cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb
Cov chaw tsim khoom nto moo suav nrog Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, Is Nrias teb thiab qee qhov ntawm Africa.
Cov pob zeb sapphires los ntawm ntau qhov chaw keeb kwm muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov pob zeb sapphires uas tsim tawm hauv Myanmar, Kashmir thiab lwm thaj chaw yog xim nrog titanium, uas muaj xim xiav ci, thaum cov los ntawm Australia, Thaib teb thiab Tuam Tshoj yog xim nrog hlau, ua rau muaj xim tsaus dua.
Chiv keeb ntawm qhov tso nyiaj
Kev tsim cov sapphire yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej geological tshwj xeeb.
Ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv: Thaum cov pob zeb nplua nuj magnesium (xws li marble) kov cov kua dej titanium/iron-rich, corundum yug los hauv qab lub siab ntawm 6-12kbar ntawm 700-900 ℃. Cov "velvet effect" ntawm Kashmir sapphire yog qhov "kos npe" ntawm qhov chaw siab no.
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov pob zeb magma: Cov pob zeb basaltic magma nqa cov pob zeb corundum tawg rau saum npoo av, tsim cov pob zeb xws li Mogu hauv Myanmar. Cov pob zeb sapphires ntawm no feem ntau muaj cov pob zeb rutiite, uas teeb tsa ua tus qauv "starlight".
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xub-puab rutile inclusions hauv Mogok sapphires los ntawm Myanmar
Hom Pegmatite: Cov pob zeb sapphires placer los ntawm Sri Lanka yog "kev cai qub" ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm granitic pegmatite.
Sri Lanka placer sapphire ntxhib pob zeb
Tus nqi thiab kev siv
Kev siv thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm sapphire nthuav dav thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw xws li hniav nyiaj hniav kub, kev tshawb fawb, kev kawm thiab kev kos duab.
Tus nqi ntawm pob zeb diamond: Sapphire tau txais kev qhuas heev rau nws cov xim zoo nkauj, qhov nyuaj siab thiab ruaj khov, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo li cov nplhaib, cov hlua caj dab, cov pob ntseg thiab cov hlua tes.
Sapphires ntawm ntau xim thiab chromic ions
Lub ntsiab lus cim: Sapphire ua cim qhia txog kev ncaj ncees, kev ruaj khov, kev siab zoo thiab kev ncaj ncees, thiab yog lub pob zeb yug rau lub Cuaj Hli thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Kev siv hauv kev lag luam: Dhau li ntawm kev siv ua lub pob zeb diamond, sapphire kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov iav siv lead ua rau cov moos thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhov rai rau cov cuab yeej siv kho qhov muag vim nws qhov nyuaj thiab pob tshab.
Pob zeb sapphire ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws
Cov pob zeb sapphire ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob, tab sis nws cov tshuaj lom neeg, kho qhov muag thiab lub cev zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim / ua cov sapphire
Xyoo 1045, cov pob zeb corundum tau kho ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1100 ° C kom tshem tawm cov xim xiav ntawm cov ruby.
Xyoo 1902, thawj cov corundum uas tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshuaj Fabkis Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) siv txoj kev nplaim taws hauv xyoo 1902.
Xyoo 1975, lub pob zeb geuda sapphire los ntawm Sri Lanka tau raug cua sov ntawm qhov kub siab (1500 ° C +) kom nws tig xiav.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2003, GIA tau tshaj tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab tseem ceeb txog kev sib kis ntawm beryllium hauv cov pob zeb rubies thiab sapphires.
Puas yog Vajntxwv muaj kev nyiam tshwj xeeb rau sapphires?
Lub Tuam Txhab Austrian
Lub pob txha yog ua los ntawm kub thiab muaj cov hlaws dai, pob zeb diamond thiab cov pob zeb ruby. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub hau ntawm lub kaus mom yog ib lub pob zeb sapphire ci ntsa iab heev.
Poj huab tais Victoria Sapphire thiab Pob Zeb Diamond Crown
Tag nrho lub kaus mom yog ua los ntawm kub thiab nyiaj, nrog qhov dav ntawm 11.5 centimeters. Nws tau teeb tsa nrog 11 lub pob zeb sapphires txiav zoo li lub hauv ncoo thiab zoo li lub kite thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb diamond ci ntsa iab qub. Qhov no yog khoom plig uas Prince Albert tau muab rau Poj huab tais hnub ua ntej nws lub tshoob xyoo 1840.
Lub Crown ntawm British Empire
Lub kaus mom no muaj 5 lub pob zeb ruby, 17 lub pob zeb sapphires, 11 lub pob zeb emerald, 269 lub hlaws thiab 2,868 lub pob zeb diamond ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
Lub pob zeb sapphire ntawm Empress Maria ntawm Tsarist Russia
Tus kws kos duab Lavxias Konstantin Makovsky tau kos ib daim duab ntawm Maria. Hauv daim duab, Maria hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj heev thiab hnav ib lub tsho sapphire zoo nkauj heev. Ntawm cov ntawd, lub saw tes nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm nws lub caj dab yog qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws, teeb nrog lub pob zeb sapphire oval uas hnyav 139 carats.
Pob zeb sapphire yeej zoo nkauj heev. Yeej tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas yuav muaj tau. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi yuav txawv ntau nyob ntawm xim, qhov tseeb, kev txiav, qhov hnyav, keeb kwm thiab seb puas tau ua kom zoo dua lossis tsis tau. Thov ceev faj thaum yuav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog lub cim ntawm "kev ncaj ncees thiab kev txawj ntse". Tsis txhob cia lub "hnub qub ci ntsa iab" ntawd cuam tshuam.
XKH's Cov khoom siv pob zeb sapphire hluavtaws:
XKH lub thawv saib Sapphire:
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-12-2025