Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li xov tooj ntse thiab smartwatches tau dhau los ua cov phooj ywg tseem ceeb. Cov khoom siv no tab tom zuj zus nyias nyias tab sis muaj zog dua. Koj puas tau xav tias dab tsi ua rau lawv hloov pauv tas mus li? Cov lus teb yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor, thiab niaj hnub no, peb tsom mus rau ib qho ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - sapphire crystal.
Cov siv lead ua sapphire, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm α-Al₂O₃, muaj peb lub atoms oxygen thiab ob lub atoms txhuas sib txuas ua ke, tsim cov qauv hexagonal lattice. Txawm hais tias nws zoo li sapphire qib pob zeb diamond hauv qhov tsos, cov siv lead ua sapphire kev lag luam ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua. Nws tsis muaj zog hauv tshuaj lom neeg, nws tsis yaj hauv dej thiab tiv taus cov kua qaub thiab alkalis, ua haujlwm ua "lub tsho tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg" uas tswj kev ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw nyuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhia txog kev pom tseeb zoo heev, tso cai rau kev xa lub teeb zoo; muaj zog thermal conductivity, tiv thaiv kev kub dhau; thiab kev rwb thaiv hluav taws xob zoo heev, ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev xa cov teeb liab ruaj khov yam tsis muaj kev xau. Mechanical, sapphire muaj Mohs hardness ntawm 9, thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond, ua rau nws hnav-thiab-tiv taus-zoo heev-zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau ntau.
Riam Phom Zais Cia Hauv Kev Tsim Khoom Chip
(1) Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Chips Uas Muaj Zog Tsawg
Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov mus rau qhov me me thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov chips uas tsis muaj zog tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Cov chips ib txwm muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm nanoscale thicknesses, ua rau tam sim no xau, siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, thiab overheating, uas ua rau kev ruaj khov thiab lub neej ntev.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, tau tsim cov sapphire dielectric wafers siv cov hlau-intercalated oxidation technology, hloov cov txhuas ib leeg-crystal mus rau hauv ib leeg-crystal alumina (sapphire). Ntawm 1 nm thickness, cov khoom no qhia txog ultra-low leakage current, ua tau zoo dua li cov amorphous dielectrics ib txwm muaj los ntawm ob qho kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj hauv kev txo qhov ceev ntawm lub xeev thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm interface nrog 2D semiconductors. Kev koom ua ke qhov no nrog 2D cov ntaub ntawv ua rau cov chips qis zog, ntev lub roj teeb lub neej hauv smartphones thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov hauv AI thiab IoT daim ntawv thov.
(2) Tus Khub Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Gallium Nitride (GaN)
Hauv kev lag luam semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) tau tshwm sim ua lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab vim nws cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Raws li cov khoom siv semiconductor dav dav nrog bandgap ntawm 3.4 eV - loj dua li silicon's 1.1 eV - GaN zoo heev hauv kev siv kub siab, hluav taws xob siab, thiab zaus siab. Nws cov electron txav mus los siab thiab lub zog tawg tseem ceeb ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog siab, kub siab, zaus siab, thiab ci ntsa iab. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fais fab, cov khoom siv GaN ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus siab dua nrog kev siv hluav taws xob qis dua, muab kev ua tau zoo dua hauv kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob. Hauv kev sib txuas lus microwave, GaN ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, zaus siab xws li 5G lub zog amplifiers, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev xa xov tooj cua thiab kev ruaj khov.
Sapphire siv lead ua yog suav tias yog "tus khub zoo meej" rau GaN. Txawm hais tias nws cov lattice mismatch nrog GaN siab dua li ntawm silicon carbide (SiC), sapphire substrates qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws thermal qis dua thaum GaN epitaxy, muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau GaN kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, sapphire qhov kev ua tau zoo thermal conductivity thiab optical transparency pab txhawb kev ua kom sov zoo hauv cov khoom siv GaN muaj zog, ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Nws cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob zoo dua txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb liab thiab kev poob hluav taws xob. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm sapphire thiab GaN tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv ua tau zoo, suav nrog GaN-based LEDs, uas tswj hwm kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo thiab tso saib - los ntawm cov teeb LED hauv tsev mus rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus sab nraum zoov loj - nrog rau laser diodes siv hauv kev sib txuas lus optical thiab kev ua laser precision.
XKH lub GaN-on-sapphire wafer
Nthuav Cov Ciam Teb ntawm Cov Ntawv Thov Semiconductor
(1) Lub "Daim Thaiv" hauv Kev Siv Tub Rog thiab Aerospace
Cov khoom siv hauv kev siv tub rog thiab aerospace feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav heev. Hauv qhov chaw, spacecraft raug kev txom nyem ze li ntawm xoom kub, lub zog cosmic hnyav, thiab cov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw nqus tsev. Lub caij no, cov dav hlau tub rog ntsib qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj 1,000 ° C vim yog cua sov aerodynamic thaum lub sijhawm ya ceev ceev, nrog rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab siab thiab kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic.
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Sapphire siv lead ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov teb no. Nws qhov kev tiv taus kub siab heev - tiv taus txog li 2,045 ° C thaum tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo - ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv qab kev ntxhov siab thermal. Nws qhov kev kub hnyiab kuj tseem khaws cia kev ua haujlwm hauv cosmic thiab nuclear ib puag ncig, zoo tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev. Cov cwj pwm no tau ua rau sapphire siv dav hauv cov qhov rais infrared (IR) kub siab. Hauv cov kab ke qhia txog foob pob hluav taws, IR qhov rais yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov pom tseeb hauv qab qhov kub thiab ceev kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tshawb pom lub hom phiaj raug. Sapphire-based IR qhov rais ua ke qhov ruaj khov thermal siab nrog kev xa tawm IR zoo dua, txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev qhia. Hauv aerospace, sapphire tiv thaiv cov kab ke pom kev satellite, ua kom pom tseeb hauv cov xwm txheej orbital hnyav.
XKH covsapphire optical qhov rais
(2) Lub Hauv Paus Tshiab rau Superconductors thiab Microelectronics
Hauv kev ua kom muaj zog, sapphire ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias nyias, uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuas lus xoom-hloov pauv txoj kev xa hluav taws xob, tsheb ciav hlau maglev, thiab MRI systems. Cov yeeb yaj kiab superconducting ua tau zoo xav tau cov substrates nrog cov qauv lattice ruaj khov, thiab sapphire qhov sib xws nrog cov ntaub ntawv xws li magnesium diboride (MgB₂) tso cai rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog kev txhim kho qhov ceev tam sim no thiab lub zog magnetic teb. Piv txwv li, cov xov hluav taws xob siv cov yeeb yaj kiab superconducting uas txhawb nqa sapphire txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kis tau zoo los ntawm kev txo qis kev poob zog.
Hauv microelectronics, sapphire substrates nrog cov kev taw qhia crystallographic tshwj xeeb—xws li R-plane (<1-102>) thiab A-plane (<11-20>)—ua kom cov txheej silicon epitaxial tshwj xeeb rau cov integrated circuits (ICs). R-plane sapphire txo cov teeb meem crystal hauv cov ICs ceev ceev, txhawb kev ua haujlwm ceev thiab kev ruaj khov, thaum A-plane sapphire cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tso cai sib xws ua kom zoo dua hybrid microelectronics thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke superconductor kub siab. Cov substrates no underpin core chips hauv kev ua haujlwm siab computing thiab telecommunications infrastructure.
XKHtusIblN-rau-NPSS Wafer
Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Sapphire Crystal hauv Semiconductors
Sapphire twb tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus thoob plaws cov khoom siv semiconductor, los ntawm kev tsim cov chips mus rau aerospace thiab superconductors. Thaum thev naus laus zis nce qib, nws lub luag haujlwm yuav nthuav dav ntxiv. Hauv kev txawj ntse ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, cov chips uas txhawb nqa los ntawm sapphire uas muaj zog tsawg, kev ua haujlwm siab yuav tsav tsheb AI kev nce qib hauv kev kho mob, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev nyiaj txiag. Hauv kev suav lej quantum, cov khoom siv sapphire tso nws ua tus neeg sib tw zoo rau qubit kev koom ua ke. Lub caij no, cov khoom siv GaN-on-sapphire yuav ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm 5G / 6G kev sib txuas lus kho vajtse. Txav mus tom ntej, sapphire yuav tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm semiconductor, txhawb nqa tib neeg txoj kev vam meej hauv thev naus laus zis.
XKH's GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial wafer
XKH muab cov qhov rais sapphire optical uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov kev daws teeb meem GaN-on-sapphire wafer rau cov kev siv niaj hnub. Siv cov thev naus laus zis loj hlob ntawm cov siv lead ua thiab cov thev naus laus zis nanoscale polishing, peb muab cov qhov rais sapphire uas tiaj tiaj heev nrog kev xa tawm zoo heev los ntawm UV mus rau IR spectra, zoo tagnrho rau kev tsav dav hlau, kev tiv thaiv, thiab cov tshuab laser muaj zog heev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-18-2025