Mg-Doped LiNbO₃Ingots 45 ° Z-txiav 64 ° Y-txiav Orientations Rau 5G / 6G Kev Sib Txuas Lus

Lus piav qhia luv luv:

LiNbO3 Ingot (Lithium Niobate Crystal Ingot) yog cov khoom siv pob zeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws thiab quantum technologies, muaj npe nrov rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb electro-optic coefficients (γ₃₃ = 30.9 pm / V), broad transparency range (400–5,2010°C), thiab kub (400-5,2010 ° C). Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv silicon raws li cov khoom siv, LiNbO3 ingots ua kom muaj cov teeb liab ntau zaus ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm loj-aperture waveguide fabrication, ua rau lawv indispensable rau 5G / 6G kev sib txuas lus, quantum photonics, thiab industrial sensing. Kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke (xws li Si-based composite wafers) thiab kev txo qis (piv txwv li, Mg doping) tau nthuav dav nws qhov kev siv tau rau qhov chaw huab cua, xws li qhov kub thiab txias (> 400 ° C) sensors thiab hluav taws xob-hardened aerospace systems.

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Technical parameters

Crystal qauv	Hexagonal
Lattice tas li	a = 5.154 Å c = 13.783 Å
Mp	1650 o C ua
Qhov ntom	7.45 g / cm3
Curie kub	610c ua
Hardness	5.5-6 hli
Thermal expansion coefficient	aa = 1.61 x 10 -6 / k ac = 4.1 x 10 -6 / k
Kev tiv thaiv	10 15 Wm
Kev tso cai	es11 / e0: 39 ~ 43 es33 / e0: 42 ~ 43 et11 / e0: 51 ~ 54 et11 / e0: 43 ~ 46
Xim	Tsis muaj xim
Los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm	0.4 ~ 5.0 hli
Index ntawm refraction	tsis = 2.176 ne = 2.180 @ 633 nm

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb

LiNbO3 Ingot nthuav tawm cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws:

1. Electro-Optic Performance:

High Nonlinear Coefficient: d₃₃ = 34.4 pm / V, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thib ob kev sib haum xeeb (SHG) thiab kho qhov muag parametric oscillation (OPO) rau qhov chaw tunable infrared.

Broadband kis tau tus mob: Tsawg nqus nyob rau hauv qhov pom spectrum (α <0.1 dB / cm) ntawm 1550 nm), tseem ceeb rau C-band optical amplifiers thiab quantum zaus conversion.

2. Mechanical & Thermal Robustness:

Tsawg Thermal Expansion: CTE = 14.4 × 10⁻⁶ / K (a-axis), ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog silicon substrates hauv hybrid photonic circuits.

Siab Piezoelectric Teb: g₃₃> 20 mV / m, zoo tagnrho rau cov acoustic yoj (SAW) lim hauv 5G mmWave systems.

3. Kev tswj tsis raug:

Micropipe ntom: <0.1 cm⁻² (8-nti ingots), validated ntawm synchrotron X-ray diffraction .

Radiation Resistance: Tsawg lattice distortion nyob rau hauv 100 kV / cm hluav taws xob teb, validated nyob rau hauv aerospace-qib xeem.

Kev siv tswv yim

LiNbO3 Ingot tsav kev tsim kho tshiab thoob plaws cov thawj coj:

1. Quantum Photonics:

Ib qho-Photon Sources: Leveraging nonlinear down-conversion, LiNbO3 enables entangled photon khub tiam rau quantum key faib (QKD) systems .

Quantum Memory: Kev koom ua ke nrog Er³⁺-doped fibers ua tiav 30% kev ua haujlwm ntawm 1530 nm, tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntev quantum.

2. Optoelectronic Systems:

High-Speed Modulators: X-txiav LiNbO3 ua tiav 40 GHz bandwidth nrog <1 dB insertion poob, outperforming LiTaO3 hauv 400G optical transceivers.

Laser Frequency Doubling: Mg-doped LiNbO3 (6% pib) txo qhov kev puas tsuaj photorefractive, ua kom ruaj khov 1064 nm → 532 nm hloov dua siab tshiab hauv LiDAR systems.

3. Industrial Sensing:

High-Temperature Pressure Sensors: Ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm 600 ° C, leveraging piezoelectric resonance rau roj / roj pipeline xyuas.

Tam sim no Transformers: Fe / Mg co-doping txhim kho rhiab heev (0.1% FS) hauv daim phiaj ntse.

XKH Services & Solutions

Peb cov kev pabcuam LiNbO3 Ingot yog engineered rau scalability thiab precision:

1. Kev Cai Fabrication:

Kev xaiv loj: 3-8-nti ingots nrog X / Y / Z-txiav thiab 42 ° Y-txiav geometries, ± 0.01 ° angular kam rau ua.

Doping Control: Fe / Mg co-doping ntawm Czochralski txoj kev (concentration range 10¹⁶–10¹⁹ cm⁻³) kom optimize photorefractive kuj.

2. Advanced Processing:

Heterogeneous Integration: Si-LN composite wafers (300-600 nm thickness) nrog thermal conductivity txog 8.78 W / m·K rau high-frequency SAW lim.

Waveguide Fabrication: Proton pauv (PE) thiab thim rov qab proton pauv (RPE) cov txheej txheem tawm los ntawm submicron waveguides (Δn> 0.7) rau 40 GHz electro-optic modulators.

3. Quality Assurance:

End-to-End Testing: Raman spectroscopy (polytype verification), XRD (crystallinity), thiab AFM (surface morphology) kom ua raws li MIL-PRF-4520J thiab JEDEC-033.

Ntiaj teb no Logistics: Kub tswj shipping (± 0.5 ° C) thiab 48-teev xwm txheej ceev thoob plaws Asia-Pacific, Europe, thiab North America.

Kev sib tw zoo

1. Tus nqi Efficiency: 8-nti ingots txo cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm 30% piv rau 4-nti lwm txoj kev, txo tus nqi ntawm ib chav los ntawm 18%.

2. Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo:

SAW Lim Bandwidth:> 1.28 GHz (vs. 0.8 GHz rau LiTaO3), tseem ceeb rau 5G mmWave bands .

Thermal Cycling: Ciaj sia -200–500°C cycles nrog <0.05% warpage, validated nyob rau hauv automotive LiDAR kuaj.

1. Sustainability: Recyclable processing txoj kev txo cov dej noj los ntawm 40% thiab lub zog siv los ntawm 25%.

Xaus

LiNbO3 Ingot tseem yog cov khoom ntawm kev xaiv rau tiam tom ntej optoelectronics, combining unmatched electro-optic kev ua tau zoo nrog industrial-qib kev ntseeg tau. Los ntawm quantum suav mus rau 6G kev sib txuas lus, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis yav tom ntej. Tus khub nrog peb kom muaj kev lom zem, kev ua kom muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke.